The Lugano classification system is a structured method for staging lymphoma based on key clinical features. The system evaluates three major components: nodal involvement, spleen involvement, and extranodal involvement. By interpreting these factors, clinicians can determine the lymphoma stage, which informs treatment decisions and prognosis.

1. Nodal involvement:
   - Single lymph node region
   - Two or more regions on the same side of the diaphragm
   - Two or more regions on both sides of the diaphragm

2. Spleen involvement:
   - Yes
   - No

3. Extranodal involvement:
   - Single lesion
   - Noncontiguous (disseminated) involvement of one or more sites

The combination of these inputs determines the staging:

- Stage I is identified by the involvement of a single lymph node region. 
- Stage IE occurs if, on top of Stage I criteria, there is a single extranodal lesion.
- Stage II corresponds to multiple regions affected on the same side of the diaphragm.
- Stage IIE is like Stage II but with an additional single extranodal lesion.
- Stage III arises when multiple regions are affected on both sides of the diaphragm. 
- Stage IIIE happens if Stage III conditions include a single extranodal lesion.
- Stage IIIS indicates multiple regions on both sides of the diaphragm with spleen involvement.
- Stage IIIE+S reflects the combination of multiple regions on both sides, spleen involvement, and a single extranodal lesion.
- Stage IV represents noncontiguous extranodal involvement of one or more sites, regardless of other regions or spleen involvement.

This classification helps illuminate the extent of lymphoma, guiding clinical approaches and facilitating communication among healthcare providers.

The Lugano Classification is a clinical calculator used for staging lymphoma, specifically Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This classification system is based on the Ann Arbor staging system with Cotswolds modifications, but includes additional imaging modalities like PET/CT scans. The Lugano Classification provides a standardized method to assess the extent of lymphoma, which is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy and predicting patient prognosis. It takes into account the number of lymph nodes involved, the presence of extranodal disease, and the involvement of organs such as the spleen or liver. The classification does not apply to patients with lymphomas that have a unique staging system, such as primary cutaneous lymphomas, primary CNS lymphomas, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Lugano classification for staging lymphoma