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The Wells' criteria for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) calculator assesses the likelihood of a patient having DVT based on several clinical factors. The calculator requires ten inputs from the user, each a response to a specific medical consideration, and assigns a numerical score to each response based on predetermined criteria.

The criteria and their corresponding scores are as follows:

| Criterion                                                                                                | Response Options | Score |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|-------|
| Active cancer (treatment within the previous 6 months or current palliative care)                        | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Bedridden recently >= 3 days or major surgery within the previous 12 weeks                              | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Calf swelling > 3 cm compared to the asymptomatic side (measured 10 cm below tibial tuberosity)          | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose)                                                              | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Entire leg swelling                                                                                      | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Localized tenderness along the deep venous system                                                        | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Pitting edema confined to symptomatic leg                                                               | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Paralysis, paresis, or recent plaster immobilization of the lower extremity                              | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Previously documented DVT                                                                                | Yes / No         | 1 / 0 |
| Alternative diagnosis at least as likely as DVT                                                          | Yes / No         | 2 / 0 |

The computation process involves collecting responses for the above criteria, converting each response into its respective score using the defined scoring system, and then summing these scores to generate a total score. The total score serves as an indicator of the risk of DVT and its interpretation is given by:

- A score of 0 or less suggests a low risk of DVT.
- A score of 1 or 2 indicates a moderate risk of DVT.
- A score of 3 or more signifies a high risk of DVT.

The calculation returns both the total score and its interpretation to guide further clinical decision-making or diagnostic evaluation.

The Wells' Criteria for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical prediction rule used to determine the pretest probability of DVT in patients. This calculator is applicable to patients who present with symptoms suggestive of DVT, such as leg pain, swelling, or discoloration. 

The clinical utility of the Wells' Criteria for DVT is to stratify patients into different risk categories (low, moderate, high) based on their score, which can guide further diagnostic testing. A higher score indicates a higher probability of having DVT. This can help clinicians decide whether to proceed with further diagnostic imaging, such as an ultrasound or D-dimer test.

Exclusion criteria for the use of this calculator include patients who have already been diagnosed with DVT or pulmonary embolism, those who are currently on anticoagulation therapy, and those with other conditions that could mimic the symptoms of DVT, such as cellulitis or Baker's cyst.

Wells' criteria for deep vein thrombosis

The Villalta score calculator is used to assess the severity of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) by evaluating a series of clinical symptoms and signs. The calculator takes input for various symptoms such as pain, cramps, heaviness, paresthesia, and more, including venous ulcer presence. Each symptom is assigned a score based on the severity, ranging from "Absent" to "Severe," with "Absent" scoring the lowest and "Severe" scoring the highest.

The calculator uses the following scoring system: 

| Symptom/Sign              | Absent | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Present | 
|---------------------------|--------|------|----------|--------|---------| 
| Pain                      | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Cramps                    | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Heaviness                 | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Paresthesia               | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Pruritus                  | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Pretibial Edema           | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Skin Induration           | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Hyperpigmentation         | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Redness                   | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Venous Ectasia            | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Pain on Calf Compression  | 0      | 1    | 2        | 3      |         | 
| Venous Ulcer              | 0      |      |          |        | 15      | 

To compute the total Villalta score, the calculator sums up the scores for each symptom/sign based on the user's input. The presence of a venous ulcer adds a fixed score of 15.

The total score can then be interpreted as follows:

- A score of 0 to 4 indicates "Criteria not met," suggesting the absence or minimal impact of post-thrombotic syndrome.
- A score of 5 to 9 indicates "Meets criteria for mild PTS," suggesting mild post-thrombotic syndrome.
- A score of 10 to 14 indicates "Meets criteria for moderate PTS," suggesting moderate severity of the syndrome.
- A score of 15 or more indicates "Meets criteria for severe PTS," suggesting the most severe form of post-thrombotic syndrome.

After calculating the total score by summing the individual scores, the calculator provides both the numerical score and its interpretation based on the ranges outlined above.

The Villalta score is a clinical calculator used for the diagnosis and severity assessment of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This scoring system is applicable to patients who have had a DVT and are at risk of developing PTS. 

The Villalta score evaluates five patient-reported symptoms (pain, cramps, heaviness, paresthesia, and pruritus) and six clinician-observed signs (edema, skin induration, hyperpigmentation, venous ectasia, redness, and pain during calf compression). Each symptom and sign is scored from 0 (none) to 3 (severe), and the scores are summed to give a total score ranging from 0 to 33. A score of 5 or more confirms the diagnosis of PTS, and higher scores indicate more severe disease.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the Villalta score, but it may not be applicable or accurate in patients with other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as heart failure, lymphedema, or peripheral artery disease. It is also important to note that the Villalta score does not replace clinical judgment and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and

Villalta score for post-thrombotic syndrome

The DASH score calculator for recurrent VTE is a tool designed to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence. It informs decisions regarding the continuation or discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy. The calculator evaluates four clinical factors, each contributing to the overall score:

- **Abnormal D-dimer at 1 month after stopping anticoagulation**: If present, it adds 2 points to the score.
- **Age ≤ 50 years**: Being 50 years or younger adds 1 point to the score.
- **Male patient**: Being male adds 1 point to the score.
- **Hormone use at VTE onset (if female)**: For females who used hormones at the onset of VTE, 2 points are added.

The total score ranges from 0 to 6, determining the annual risk of VTE recurrence. The results guide treatment recommendations:

- Score of 0: Represents a 2.4% annual risk of recurrence, suggesting that discontinuing anticoagulation may be considered.
- Score of 1: Indicates a 3.9% annual risk, again suggesting the possibility of stopping anticoagulation.
- Score of 2: Associated with a 6.3% annual risk, where continuation of anticoagulation should be considered.
- Score of 3: Corresponds to a 10.8% annual risk, recommending that anticoagulation likely continue.
- Score of 4: Reflects a 19.9% annual risk, strongly suggesting continuing anticoagulation therapy.

These interpretations aid clinicians in tailoring anticoagulation strategies based on individual risk profiles.

The DASH score, or the "D-dimer, Age, Sex, Hormonal therapy" score, is a clinical calculator used to predict the risk of recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in patients who have had a first unprovoked VTE. This scoring system is particularly useful in guiding clinicians on whether to continue or discontinue anticoagulation therapy in these patients. 

The DASH score takes into account four factors: D-dimer levels two months after stopping anticoagulation (2 points if positive), patient's age (1 point if less than 50 years old), sex (1 point if female), and hormonal therapy use at the time of the event (1 point if yes). 

Patients with a DASH score of 0 or 1 have a low risk of VTE recurrence and may be considered for discontinuation of anticoagulation, while those with a score of 2 or more have a higher risk and may benefit from continued anticoagulation. 

The DASH score should not be used in patients with provoked VTE, as it was not designed or validated for this population. It also may not be applicable in patients with cancer-associated VTE.

DASH score for recurrent VTE

The Padua prediction score evaluates the risk of venous thromboembolism by considering a range of clinical and lifestyle factors. The user needs to answer questions about their medical history and current health conditions. Each positive response adds a specific number of points to their overall risk score, which is calculated as follows:

- Active cancer: 3 points
- Previous venous thrombosis (excluding superficial vein thrombosis): 3 points
- Reduced mobility: 3 points
- Already known thrombophilic condition: 3 points
- Recent trauma and/or surgery (within the last month): 2 points
- Age 70 years or older: 1 point
- Heart and/or respiratory failure: 1 point
- Acute myocardial infarction and/or ischemic stroke: 1 point
- Acute infection and/or rheumatologic disorder: 1 point
- Obesity (body mass index of 30 or more): 1 point
- Ongoing hormonal treatment: 1 point

To determine the total score, all the values from the responses are added up. The interpretation is straightforward:

- A score of 3 or below indicates a low risk of developing venous thromboembolism.
- A score of 4 or above signifies a high risk of venous thromboembolism.

This process helps clinicians assess risk levels quickly and decide on appropriate preventive measures.

The Padua Prediction Score for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of developing VTE in hospitalized patients. This scoring system is particularly applicable to patients who are acutely ill and admitted to the hospital for medical conditions, rather than surgical procedures. 

The clinical utility of the Padua Prediction Score lies in its ability to stratify patients into low and high-risk categories for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This risk stratification can guide clinicians in deciding whether to initiate prophylactic anticoagulation therapy, thereby potentially preventing the occurrence of VTE.

The Padua Prediction Score should not be used in patients who are already on anticoagulation therapy, as this would alter the risk assessment. Additionally, it may not be applicable to patients admitted for surgical procedures, as the risk factors and prophylaxis strategies for VTE may differ in this population.

Padua prediction score for venous thromboembolism

The Geneva Risk Score calculator is designed to evaluate the likelihood of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on various patient conditions. Each of these conditions is assigned a specific score, which is summed to determine the overall risk.

Here's how the scoring system is structured:

- Conditions contributing 2 points each:
  - Cardiac failure
  - Respiratory failure
  - Recent stroke within the last 3 months
  - Recent myocardial infarction within the last 4 weeks
  - Acute infectious disease, including sepsis
  - Acute rheumatic disease
  - Active cancer
  - Myeloproliferative syndrome
  - Nephrotic syndrome
  - Prior venous thromboembolism
  - Known hypercoagulable state

- Conditions contributing 1 point each:
  - Immobilization for 3 or more days, indicating complete bed rest or inability to walk for more than 30 minutes per day
  - Recent travel lasting more than 6 hours
  - Age over 60 years
  - Obesity (body mass index over 30 kg/m²)
  - Chronic venous insufficiency
  - Pregnancy
  - Hormonal therapy (contraceptive or replacement therapy)
  - Dehydration

To compute the score, examine each condition listed above and add the corresponding points only for those conditions present in the patient. The sum of these points becomes the total score.

The interpretation of the total score is as follows:

- A total score of 2 or less suggests a low risk of venous thromboembolism, with an approximate risk of 0.6%.
- A total score of 3 or higher indicates a high risk of venous thromboembolism, estimated at 3.2%.

This tool aids in the assessment of VTE risk, helping healthcare providers make informed decisions based on the patient's health profile.

The Geneva Risk Score, also known as the Revised Geneva Score, is a clinical calculator used to estimate the pretest probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients. This scoring system is applicable to patients who present with symptoms suggestive of PE, such as sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, or unexplained cough with or without blood.

The Geneva Risk Score is clinically useful in stratifying patients into different risk categories (low, intermediate, high) based on various factors including age, previous history of DVT or PE, recent surgery or fracture, active malignancy, unilateral lower limb pain, hemoptysis, heart rate, and pain on lower limb deep venous palpation and unilateral edema. 

This risk stratification helps clinicians decide whether further diagnostic testing is necessary, and aids in the management of patients with suspected PE. It is particularly useful in the emergency department setting.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the Geneva Risk Score. However, it should be noted that this score is not intended to replace clinical judgment, and should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.

Geneva Risk Score for venous thromboembolism

The Caprini score is a clinical tool designed to estimate an individual's risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on various health criteria and personal history. The process involves evaluating responses from the patient and assigning scores to each, based on a predefined scale. The focus of this calculation is to identify potential risk factors through a comprehensive set of questions related to past medical and family history, current health status, and specific conditions.

The scoring system allocates points based on the following categories:

- **Age:**
  - <= 40: 0 points
  - 41-60: 1 point
  - 61-74: 2 points
  - >= 75: 3 points

- **Type of Surgery:**
  - None: 0 points
  - Minor: 1 point
  - Arthroscopic or major surgeries > 45 minutes: 2 points
  - Elective major lower extremity arthroplasty: 5 points

- **Varicose Veins:** Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points
- **Current Swollen Legs:** Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points
- **Current Central Venous Access:** Yes = 2 points, No = 0 points

- **History of DVT/PE and Other Thrombosis-Related Conditions:**
  - This includes family history of thrombosis, positive tests for various factors like Factor V Leiden, and congenital or acquired thrombophilia
  - Yes = 3 points, No = 0 points for each condition

- **Mobility:**
  - Normal, out of bed: 0 points
  - Medical patient currently at bed rest: 1 point
  - Patient confined to bed > 72 hours: 2 points

- **History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease:** Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points
- **Body Mass Index > 25:** Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points
- **History of Acute MI or COPD:** Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points for each condition
- **Present or Previous Malignancy:** Yes = 2 points, No = 0 points
- **Recent Events (< 1 month):** 
  - Prior major surgery, congestive heart failure, sepsis, serious lung disease: 1 point each
  - Immobilizing plaster cast: 2 points
  - Hip, pelvis, or leg fracture, stroke, multiple trauma, acute spinal cord injury: 5 points each

- **Female-Specific Questions:**
  - History of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement, history of unexplained stillbirths or other obstetric complications, pregnancy or postpartum status: Yes = 1 point, No = 0 points each

After responding to these inputs, the scores are summed up. The Caprini score aids healthcare providers in stratifying VTE risk and determines the need for preventive measures, interpreted as follows:

- **Scores <= 2:** Represent the lowest risk category with minimal VTE risk.
- **Scores of 3 to 4:** Indicate a moderate risk, with a VTE probability of 0.7%.
- **Scores of 5 to 6:** Place the individual in a high-risk category, with a 1.8% VTE risk.
- **Scores of 7 to 8:** Also categorized as high risk but with an increased VTE probability of 4.0%.
- **Scores >= 9:** Represent the highest risk category, with VTE risk peaking at 10.7%.

Understanding these scores helps clinicians make informed decisions regarding prophylaxis and management strategies to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in high-risk patients.

The Caprini Score, also known as the Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM), is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical patients. This scoring system is applicable to both inpatients and outpatients undergoing surgery, and it helps clinicians to stratify patients into different risk categories for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). 

The clinical utility of the Caprini Score is to guide prophylactic interventions for VTE. Based on the patient's score, clinicians can decide whether to use mechanical prophylaxis, pharmacological prophylaxis, or both. 

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the Caprini Score. However, it is important to note that this score is not intended to replace clinical judgment. It should be used as a tool to assist in decision-making and not as the sole determinant of a patient's management plan.

Caprini score for venous thromboembolism

The IMPROVE risk score is a tool used to estimate the risk of experiencing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) within three months. It evaluates seven specific clinical factors, assigning numerical values to each factor based on the user's responses. The total score, ranging from 0 to 12, correlates with a specific interpretation of VTE risk.

Here's how the scoring works:

- Previous venous thromboembolism:
  - Yes: 3 points
  - No: 0 points
- Known thrombophilia:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- Current lower-limb paralysis:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- History of cancer (within the past 5 years):
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- Immobilized for 7 or more days (just before and during hospital admission):
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points
- ICU or CCU stay:
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points
- Age over 60 years:
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points

By answering these questions, users accumulate a total score by summing the points for each condition that applies. This total score is then used to interpret the risk of VTE as follows:

- Score of 0: Indicates a 0.4% risk of a 3-month VTE.
- Score of 1: Indicates a 0.6% risk.
- Score of 2: Indicates a 1.0% risk.
- Score of 3: Indicates a 1.7% risk.
- Score of 4: Indicates a 2.9% risk.
- Scores from 5 to 10: Correspond to a 7.2% risk.
- Score above 10: Suggests a risk greater than 7.2%.

The calculator concludes by providing both the score and its associated risk interpretation, assisting users and healthcare professionals in understanding the potential for VTE based on individual health indicators and recent medical history.

The IMPROVE risk score is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients. The acronym IMPROVE stands for International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism. 

This risk score is specifically designed for adult patients who are hospitalized for medical illnesses, rather than surgical patients. It is used to identify patients at high risk of developing VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), during their hospital stay. 

The IMPROVE risk score includes seven risk factors: previous VTE, known thrombophilia, lower limb paralysis, immobility, active cancer, ICU or CCU admission, and age over 60 years. Each factor is assigned a certain number of points, and the total score is used to estimate the patient's risk of VTE.

The clinical utility of this calculator is to guide prophylactic anticoagulation therapy decisions in hospitalized medical patients. Patients with a high IMPROVE score may benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent VTE.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the IMPROVE risk score. However, it should not be used in patients for

IMPROVE risk score for venous thromboembolism

The IMPROVEDD risk score calculator for venous thromboembolism (VTE) assesses the likelihood of developing VTE by examining several key risk factors. This process involves user inputs for specific medical conditions and demographic criteria, which are then translated into a numerical score reflecting VTE risk.

The calculator evaluates eight factors, each with assigned scores based on potential responses:

- Previous VTE:
  - Yes: 3 points
  - No: 0 points
- Known thrombophilia:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- Current lower-limb paralysis:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- Current cancer:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points
- Immobilized for 7 or more days:
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points
- ICU/CCU stay:
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points
- Age more than 60 years:
  - Yes: 1 point
  - No: 0 points
- D-dimer level at or above twice the upper normal limit:
  - Yes: 2 points
  - No: 0 points

To compute the total risk score, each selected response is converted to its corresponding numerical value. These values are added together to produce a cumulative score, which reflects the individual's collective risk factors.

The interpretation of the score points directly to the probability of VTE occurrence at 42 and 77 days:

- A score of 0 indicates a 0.4% risk at 42 days and 0.5% at 77 days.
- A score of 1 suggests a 0.6% risk at 42 days and 0.7% at 77 days.
- A score of 2 represents a 0.8% risk at 42 days and 1.0% at 77 days.
- A score of 3 corresponds to a 1.2% risk at 42 days and 1.4% at 77 days.
- A score of 4 indicates a 1.6% risk at 42 days and 1.9% at 77 days.
- Scores of 5 or more are associated with a 2.2% risk at 42 days and 2.7% at 77 days. 

These interpretations offer a clear perspective on the potential VTE risk tied to each patient's unique profile of risk factors.

The IMPROVEDD risk score is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients. The acronym IMPROVEDD stands for eight variables used in the calculation: Immobility, Malignancy, Previous VTE, Rhythm other than sinus (atrial fibrillation), Obesity, already on Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, Elderly (age >60 years), and D-dimer level. 

This risk score is particularly useful in stratifying patients' risk for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It helps clinicians decide on the need for prophylactic anticoagulation in hospitalized medical patients. 

The IMPROVEDD score is not applicable to patients who are already diagnosed with VTE, as it is a predictive tool for undiagnosed VTE. It is also not suitable for use in pediatric patients, pregnant women, or patients with contraindications to anticoagulation.

IMPROVEDD risk score for venous thromboembolism

The Michigan risk score calculator evaluates the risk of developing thrombosis associated with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) by assessing five key clinical factors. This tool helps determine the likelihood of venous thromboembolism by assigning scores to each factor and calculating a total risk score.

Here's how the scoring works for each input:

- Presence of another central venous catheter: If present, score 1. Otherwise, score 0.
- White blood cell count greater than 12.0 × 10^9/mcL: If elevated, score 1. Otherwise, score 0.
- Number of PICC lumens:
  - For 1 lumen, score 0.
  - For 2 lumens, score 2.
  - For 3-4 lumens, score 3.
- History of venous thromboembolism:
  - If never, score 0.
  - If more than 30 days prior, score 1.
  - If within 30 days, score 2.
- Active cancer status: If actively present, score 3. Otherwise, score 0.

The total risk score is calculated by summing the scores for each input. Based on this aggregated score, the risk of thrombosis is interpreted into different classes:

- Class I: A total score of 0 conveys a minimal risk, with a likelihood of thrombosis at 0.9%.
- Class II: Scores between 1 to 2 suggest a slightly higher risk, with a probability of 1.6%.
- Class III: Scores between 3 to 4 indicate a moderate risk, with a 2.7% chance of thrombosis.
- Class IV: A score of 5 or above signifies the highest risk, with a 4.7% likelihood of developing thrombosis.

By methodically evaluating each clinical input, healthcare professionals can effectively categorize patients' thrombosis risk levels and guide clinical decisions accordingly.

The Michigan Risk Score for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Associated Thrombosis (PICC-AT) is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of thrombosis in patients who have a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). This scoring system is particularly applicable to hospitalized adult patients who have a PICC, as they are at an increased risk of developing thrombosis. 

The clinical utility of the Michigan Risk Score is to aid clinicians in identifying patients at high risk of PICC-associated thrombosis, thereby guiding decisions about prophylactic anticoagulation and informing discussions about the risks and benefits of PICC placement. 

Exclusion criteria for the use of this calculator may include patients who already have a diagnosed thrombosis, those with contraindications to anticoagulation, and patients who do not have a PICC.

Michigan risk score for peripherally inserted central catheter-associated thrombosis

The Khorana risk score calculator is a tool developed to estimate the short-term risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. This risk assessment is based on several clinical parameters, which are assigned specific points contributing to a total score. The elements considered in this scoring system include the type of cancer, blood parameters, and the patient's body mass index (BMI). The score ultimately helps clinicians determine whether a patient is at low, intermediate, or high risk of developing VTE over the next 2.5 months.

Here's how each component contributes to the score:

1. Cancer Type
   - Very high risk such as stomach or pancreas cancers: 2 points
   - High risk including lung, lymphoma, gynecologic, bladder, or testicular cancers: 1 point
   - Other cancers like breast, colorectal, prostate, etc.: 0 points

2. Pre-chemotherapy Platelet Count (≥ 350 × 10^9/L)
   - Yes: 1 point
   - No: 0 points

3. Hemoglobin Level (< 10 g/dL or using red blood cell growth factors)
   - Yes: 1 point
   - No: 0 points

4. Pre-chemotherapy White Blood Cell Count (> 11 × 10^9/L)
   - Yes: 1 point
   - No: 0 points

5. Body Mass Index (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m^2)
   - Yes: 1 point
   - No: 0 points

Each patient's responses to these criteria are given numerical values based on the above allocation. These values are then summed to produce a total score ranging from 0 to 6. This score quantifies the likelihood of a VTE event within 2.5 months.

The interpretation of the total score is crucial for guiding clinical decisions:

- A score of 0 suggests a low risk of VTE.
- Scores of 1 to 2 indicate an intermediate risk level.
- A score of 3 or higher signifies a high risk of venous thromboembolism.

This method allows healthcare providers to systematically assess and stratify the risk for VTE in cancer patients, potentially guiding preventive measures and treatment plans to manage this serious complication effectively.

The Khorana Risk Score is a clinical calculator used to predict the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. This scoring system is specifically designed for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy. The Khorana Risk Score helps clinicians to stratify patients into different risk categories for developing VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This risk stratification can guide decisions about prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. The score is calculated based on five parameters: cancer site, platelet count, hemoglobin level, leukocyte count, and body mass index. Patients with active bleeding or those with a known risk of bleeding are typically excluded from using this calculator, as the benefits of prophylactic anticoagulation may not outweigh the risks in these individuals.

Deep vein thrombosis

Background

Overview

Guidelines

Key sources