Table of contents
Expand All Topics
Open-angle glaucoma
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of open-angle glaucoma are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the European Society of Hypertension (ESH 2023), the Japan Glaucoma Society (JGS 2023), the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF 2022), the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO 2021), the European Glaucoma Society (EGS 2021), the American College of ...
Show more
Screening and diagnosis
Indications for screening, general population: as per USPSTF 2022 guidelines, insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for primary OAG in adults.
I
More topics in this section
Indications for screening (patients with hypertension)
Classification and risk stratification
Diagnostic investigations
Initial assessment: as per EGS 2021 guidelines, obtain the following in the initial evaluation of glaucoma:
visual acuity and refractive error
B
slit lamp examination
B
gonioscopy
B
tonometry
B
central corneal thickness; consider using central corneal thickness for baseline risk profiling
B
; do not use central corneal thickness-adjusted intraocular pressure values B
visual field testing
B
clinical assessment of the optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macula; prefer binocular examination under pupil dilatation, except in angle closure; consider using optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer photography.
B
Show 3 more
More topics in this section
Diagnostic imaging
Medical management
Indications for treatment
As per JGS 2023 guidelines:
Initiate treatment for ocular hypertension in patients with risk factors for developing primary OAG from ocular hypertension (older age, large vertical cup-to-disc ratio, high intraocular, large PSD, thin central corneal thickness, and occurrence of optic nerve disc hemorrhage).
B
Consider initiating treatment for preperimetric glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure alongside careful clinical follow-up and evaluation of risk factors.
C
More topics in this section
Prostaglandin analogs
Perioperative care
Perioperative management
As per JGS 2023 guidelines:
Administer topical corticosteroids for intraocular pressure control after trabeculectomy for primary OAG.
B
Administer antibiotic instillation and ointment application after trabeculectomy. Continue antibiotic instillation and ointment application as appropriate according to the risk of bleb-related infection.
B
Surgical interventions
Indications for surgery: as per JGS 2023 guidelines, consider performing trabeculectomy in patients with progressive visual field impairment despite intraocular pressure in the low 10 mmHg range under topical ophthalmic treatment.
C
Show 2 more
More topics in this section
Concomitant cataract surgery
Specific circumstances
Patients with obesity
As per AACE/ACE 2016 guidelines:
Prefer liraglutide 3 mg, orlistat, or lorcaserin in patients with a history, or at risk of, glaucoma.
B
Be cautious when using naltrexone extended-release/bupropion extended-release. Avoid using phentermine/topiramate extended-release in patients with glaucoma.
B
More topics in this section
Patients with arterial hypertension
Follow-up and surveillance
Follow-up: as per EGS 2021 guidelines, obtain the following tests for monitoring of patients with glaucoma:
visual acuity assessment
B
visual field testing; use the same instrument and strategy for follow-up tests; use software-based progression analyses use a visual field to monitor progression
B
clinical examination of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer
B
tonometry
B
optical coherence tomography of the disc/retinal nerve fiber layer/macula; consider using the same instrument with the software-based analysis; do not use optical coherence tomography progression analysis to replace visual field progression analysis
B
repeat gonioscopy in some circumstances.
B